Academic Degree and Financial Aid Essay

Thank you in advance for taking the time to review my letter of appeal for financial aid reinstatement. First, let me say, I wholeheartedly appreciate your granting me this award in order to make my educational dreams a blissful reality. It would be a great honor for me to continue on the path which I started before I suffered this temporary setback. I take full responsibility for why my grades slipped and because unsatisfactory. There is no one else to blame but myself for not being able to control my emotional state during a time of terrible crisis to the point where I could maintain an acceptable G. P. A. For that I am sincerely sorry because I feel that I have let many people down, including myself. I put a lot of effort to pass most of my classes, yet I still failed my English course due to some negligence on my part as concerns my work which was to determine my grade in the course; I did everything possible to do great in the course despite my mistakes but I guess it was not good enough during the semester Fall 2013. I promise not to make such mistakes anymore, and be more responsible. I am asking this committee to give me a second chance to prove that I am worthy of this award so I can continue in my studies this Fall 2014 Semester. I do realize that I neglected my studies and I would like another chance to do better in them. I have compiled a list of steps I need to take in order to be successful in school and my studies. 1. I would obtain a tutor for my most difficult classes by becoming familiar with the tutoring center on campus 2. I would manage my time wisely so that I can balance my life and studies together. 3. Meet with each of my instructors and talk with them, about what they believe will make me be a better student in their class. 4. Go to the scheduled office hours of each of my instructors, when facing any difficulties. 5. Talk with my advisor who is assisting me with my Academic Degree plan. She advises me on the classes and hours that would be suitable for me. 6. Go to class on time as scheduled to take advantage of what they have to offer. My goal is to earn a degree in business so I can make a difference in the lives of people and young students. This is very important to me because I’ve always been interested on being a business lady in the future during my days as a kid. I can only be able to achieve my goal if my financial aid is being appealed, because as an individual my family face a lot of financial difficulties and I’m not able to pay my tuition or even get my books. I am a hard working student and very determined, and I would like the chance to prove to you that this 2014 Fall Semester would not be a disappointment. I would try hard to be a good role model to my family, friends and other students. My education is of paramount importance to me. Thank you for your time Yours Sincerely, Ruth Taku.

Looking at the opening scene of Romeo and Juliet Essay

Romeo and Juliet’, a play originally written by William Shakespeare in 1595 – 1600 is a tale of love and tragedy involving two young people who fall in love, but find it ends in disaster due to their age old family feud. This play had been directed as a film in 1968 starring Olivia Hussey, but never before has it been modernised as a film. By choosing to do this the problem that faced Baz Luhrman when he was directing the film version of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was that he could not predict whether there would be an audience for Shakespearean stories in a modern culture. Particuarly as the age group he was targeting were those who would probably still be at school, where Shakespeare had been stereotyped as ‘boring’. This problem was tackled by updating the swords involved by replacing them with guns, adding a famous cast known to the particular chosen age group and backing the film up with modern music. The opening scene of Baz Luhrman’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ begins with a screen of black, and a very small television screen in the centre. As the shot continues the camera zooms in on the television screen that is showing a coloured female newsreader, with a plain background and a split ring in the top right hand corner. This entrance to the first scene of the film forces the audience to concentrate on the film by introducing it slowly, making you feel anything missed will detract from the film’s impact. The newsreader is dressed in red, the classic colour of love, danger, passion and blood, and the ring split in two with the words â€Å"Star-crossed lover† subtly introduce the main themes of the films while the audience is focusing on what the newsreader is reporting. The screen around the television is black, focusing all attention on the newsreader, and her voice is quiet and sounds almost muted while she talks of the feud of Verona, re-enforcing the director’s obvious wish to capture the attention of the viewers. With this red on black theme it seems to represent the blood and tragedy of the story of Romeo and Juliet on the rest of the town, and almost shows the final tragic word on the darkness of the two feuding families. From this opening, though the newsreader does not directly speak of the main characters, Romeo and Juliet, you feel as if the feud is already familiar before entering in to the actual film. The change from the first scene to the second is a very quick jump cut. The camera zooms very close in on the newsreader tilting, and jumps through to a street in Verona, travelling down it and coming to a halt at a large statue of Jesus, but only allowing you a very quick glance before switching to a black screen with the words â€Å"In Fair Verona† in large white capitals at eye level. It then jump cuts back to a the same picture of Jesus, but this time it is a closer shot, and holds for a bit longer, before very quickly zooming back to show the statue in between two sky scrapers, one named â€Å"Capulet† in red, and one named â€Å"Montague† in blue. The buildings are the highest in the street, and with the statue in between them seem very important and noble, informing the audience of the family’s wealth and power, and also of their rivalry. The statue standing dead centre between the two towers shows that while religion is important in this story, and does to a certain extent act as a barrier between the two families, it is much smaller then the buildings, symbolising that their feud may prove stronger then their religion. The next shot is a jump cut on to the camera moving on to the streets of Verona, and a tracking shot of a police car with the words â€Å"Verona Beach† written down the side. This shot of the police car informs the viewers that police are involved, and the place the play is set in is called â€Å"Verona Beach†. Once focused on the car the camera tilts and zooms out, jumping in to a zoom in shot of the same statue of Jesus, which it zooms in on, jump cuts back to a second shot and zooms in again, this time blurring the statue. This blurring shows the disregard held by the families towards their religion as the feud gets greater. The scenes by now are moving very quickly and are very separated, not flowing smoothly at all. It is quite difficult to keep with the speed at which the film is moving, Luhrman once again trying to keep the audiences attention. Following on from the blurred shot of the statue, the camera, remaining blurry, focusing in turn, on the signs above each building, reading first â€Å"Capulet† in red and then â€Å"Montague† in blue. These choices of colour cause you to question whether or not the Capulet family are more ‘fierce’, with their name in red. You then get a tracking shot of a police helicopter against what you assume to be a church, and the city of Verona. Again re enforcing the religion verses law theme that is apparent throughout this film in Verona. Following this is a zoom in shot of a person lying on a mattress in the street surrounded by dirt and people in black. Through this shot you assume the person involved is injured, showing the severity of the feud. Again, jump cutting to the next scene, though seeming to slow the pace slightly, you get an aerial tracking shot from the helicopter with the diagetic sounds of the propellers, of a large statue of the Virgin Mary standing with open arms. Quickly moving on through a jump cut the statue of Jesus seen before is briefly shown, before zooming in on his face, although it is made up of many small dots, and shown in dark grey and black. This shot is held and zoomed out to reveal a ‘family tree’ with both families on it, starting at the top with ‘Ted Montague’ and ‘Fulgencio Montague’. Symbolic of the hatred that is passed down the family through each generation. The music up to this point has been very loud and ‘menacing’, increasing in volume when what I see as ‘relevant shots’ are held. The lighting has been bright throughout, all shots set in the day, and there have been no characters introduced until the family tree. The beginning shots seem to be more introducing the place and the themes than the characters themselves. The layout of this tree implies that the rivalry started between these two men and has been passed down through the family. With the statue of Jesus with open arms set between the two families reminds us of the strong religion present in the city, and the grey colour of the pictures and background sets in almost like a cloud of grey, strongly contrasting with the colour we have seen in the previous scenes. As well as being the first shot of the characters, also introduced in this scene is the first voice since the newsreader, although this time it is non diagetic, in the form of a voice over. The music reaches a climax and then fades away to a quiet backing for the deep male voice commenting on the family trees in front of us. The shots of this ‘tree’ are broken up by shots of fire and newspapers titled â€Å"Montague vs Capulet†, and while the speed of the changing shots has slowed down, now dissolving in to each other, Luhrman makes up for it with the impact of the shots he is using, you need more time to look at each one then before. Coming off the newspaper shot using dissolving and fire, we see the familiar screen of black with white text reading â€Å"In Fair Verona†, reminding us of the setting while looking in to the characters, as seen before when the city was being introduced and we were shown the names of the families. This subtle mixing of the two is very effective in showing the strong relationship between the setting and characters, and the effect that they have on each other. This phrasing of â€Å"Fair Verona† is ironic, as although we are being told the city is fair, we are shown only violent shots of the goings on and only ‘controversial† shots of the place itself. Moving on from the text shot we are shown a series of tracking shots of Verona, similar to those shown before, combining diagetic sounds such as the helicopter propellers with non diagetic such as the voice over. We then get another still shot of a newspaper reading â€Å"Ancient Grudge† followed shortly by a third newspaper reading â€Å"New Mutiny† and a picture of one of the young Montague boys. This â€Å"ancient grudge† followed by â€Å"new mutiny† re enforces the idea of the feud being passed down the family that we were introduced to through the family tree. The text is also in older style writing, showing that such an old thing has carried through in to modern day. This picture of the young Montague holding a gun is the first we see of the younger generations of the families, and it is associated with anger through his face and death through his gun. The next newspaper clip we get is â€Å"Civil blood†, also read out to us by the voice over, this emphasises the fact that the brawls caused by the families do not only affect themselves, but the rest of Verona. We are shown a tracking shot of a middle ages coloured man wearing helicopter equipment against a dark background, fitting as the shots seem to be getting darker, set later on in the day. The word ‘Police’ is shown in large white text against black, symbolising their affect on the feud, good on bad or clean on dirty. There is then a series of shots of Verona and magazines with bullets on the covers, showing how much violence there is in the city. It is made out to be a loud, busy dangerous place reflected in the characters themselves. The feuding families seem to sum up the rivalry present within the city, Religion verses hatred, Law verses war. Although you may argue that at this stage you are unable to establish whether it is the place reflected through the characters or the characters strife being the reason for the way the place is. We then get our first shot of a man and a woman in a black car, both look drawn and very worried. Jump cutting through to a shot of a second couple, obviously the other family, recognisable only because of the quick glance we got of the man on the family tree. This creates a broken up image of the families, imposing the idea that the families ‘get in the way’ of each other. As the music builds up again there are two screens of just text, when put together reading â€Å"A pair of star crossed lover take their life†. The ‘T’ in the ‘take’ is actually a cross when you look at it, bringing religion in to death. At this point the voice over is stopped and the music becomes loud again. Following the text the camera then jumps from one to another introducing through text and a frozen image of each character, the Capulets, the Montagues, both with the under text ‘Romeo’s mother/father’ and ‘Juliet’s mother/father. To follow we meet the chief of police ‘Captain Prince’, the Governor’s son ‘Dave Paris’ and ‘Mercutio’, Romeo’s best friend, in a provocative position with his face angry and his finger pointed with a gun on him. Each character has a shot held on them for about 5 seconds before jumping straight on to the next. As the music builds up we see a pair of eyes, later recognised to be those of Romeo Montague, pushing the door of a church open to reveal light and flowers, portraying the church as a place of sanctity. This relates to the theme of religion present throughout the film, and it also gives a preview of the place in which the lovers lives end. Luhrman would have realised that as ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is such a widely read play the majority of the audience would know then ending of the film, thus giving him a lot of scope to play around with previews of the rest of the film. The music quickens pace and very quickly we are run through the text previously shown and spoken but at a speed that it is not supposed to be read. This is followed by shots of fireworks, choirboys singing high piercing notes almost as a climax, guns shooting showing violence, main characters and eventually finishes on a black screen with â€Å"William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet†. This creates a point of high climax, quickly let down by the still almost ‘dead’ screen in comparison to previous shots. The mention of William Shakespeare is the first we hear of the author, and in mentioning him Luhrman has made himself seem almost modest, discarding any impression made implying that it is Luhrman’s own play. The title then moves off the screen to the left and the film begins. As an opening sequence for this particular film I find it very effective. The setting of such a film in modern day would have proved very difficult, but the replacement of swords by guns has a huge impact on its success. The violence is portrayed well and you learn just about enough to follow the film as it opens but not enough to know what happens between now and the death of the characters. I like the way Luhrman lets the audience know the resulting death of the characters, but he does not say who dies. This builds up an immense suspense throughout the film. This introduction is done in such a way that it will captivate almost everyone’s attention through moving so quickly and creating such a tense atmosphere.

Black Music In America Essay Research Paper

Black Music In America Essay, Research Paper Black Music in America: A History Through Its People Tahirah Carter by James Haskins Intro to Music I have decidedly learned allot about the Development of American Music in this category. I found it to be really challenging. So when I was faced with the job of make up ones minding which book I would make my study on, I chose Black Music in America by James Haskins. This book gave a elaborate history of non merely the music genres but it? s performing artists. We already know that American music is made up of music from many different types of cultural backgrounds. What gives this book a plus is that it highlights some other facets of American music, and its performing artists. The points and events that truly caught my attending were the concert vocalizing, Minstrelsies, Jubilee vocals, and brass sets. Born as a slave, a miss by the name of Elizabeth Greenfield moved to Philadelphia. She moved at that place with her Mistress and her parents. Fortunately while in Philadelphia they were set free. At the age of 42 she moved to buffalo New York in order to ship onto new chances as a vocalist. When she reached New York chance came strike harding. She began a calling of concert vocalizing. With a scope of three and one one-fourth octaves you would believe that chance kept knocking, but it didn? T. Therefore she moved to Europe where she would acquire the attending and recognition that was due to her. While in Europe Elizabeth was shown great grasp for he endowment? Even Queen Victoria demanded that she performed for her at the Buckingham Palace. On the history of Elizabeth making so good in Europe, She gained newfound popularity in the provinces. As you see, it wasn? t easy for inkinesss to do a life in the U.S. That forced inkinesss to either perform in Europe or the northern provinces of the U.S.. Some inkinesss even had to fall back to executing in Minstrelsies. Minstrelsies started out as an avenue for Whites that were seeking to ship on new and exciting civilization. At this clip America was free from Britain. Since white America no longer was attached to Britain, they ventured out to derive a sense of American civilization. White folk singer really used to see plantations to analyze the manner inkinesss interacted with each other. For their public presentations, these white Folk singers would take coal and colourise their faces black. Their public presentations consisted of skits, including dance and music, which imitated inkinesss. Initially minstrelsies weren? T brought about with the pure purpose of jabing merriment at Blacks. But after the Civil War things changed. White persons stopped sing the plantation for new s tuff. They began to utilize the same negative stuff over and over once more. This is what gave birth to many of the Stereotypes that African Americans are victim to, even until this really twenty-four hours. James Bland was one of the African Americans whom got his pes in the door by executing and composing in the black face Minstrelsy. After being a portion of white minstrelsies, Bland finally had the chance to play in an all black Minstrel called Haverly # 8217 ; s European Minstrel Show. After the performing artists departed from that group, Bland decided to remain in Europe While populating in Europe Bland was allowed to execute in shows without holding to set on the? darky face. He became highly popular. Finally he returned to the U.S. where he couldn? t tantrum in because American Music had taken a bend since the clip that he left. Bland managed to chant down the black idiom and beat in his public presentations. That may in fact be the ground why at one clip he was so successful. Another group of people that besides tried to sing ( what I? ll call ) ? acceptable? music are The Fisk Jubilee Singers. They were a posh group of vocalists that started out with the purpose to raise money for their school. They began with the program to sing choruses, couples, solos and other? acceptable? signifiers of American Music. Over clip, with the influence of their wise man George White, they began to sing Negroes spirituals. On their first circuit to Europe they sang before Queen Victoria and her royal household. Due to the predominately white audiences hungriness for Old Negroes Spirituals, the Fisk Jubilee vocalists were able to raise a big sum of money for their school. Another sector of the Black music history that I think is extraordinary is the brass set sector. I already knew that the stoping of the civil war made brass set instruments accessible. But what I didn? T know is that another thing that helped popularise brass sets was the regulation of New Orleans that restricted harlotry to black vicinities. This caused? between 15 hundred and twenty two hundred cocottes to put up store in an country that became known as? Storyville? . Even though? Storyville? wasn? t great in morality it was great economically for New Orleans. It made it possible for many concerns to boom. Among those concerns were? Sporting? houses. These? Sporting? houses employed Brass Bands. Brass bands besides played funerals, amusement Parkss, and other community events. Buddy Bolden, a wind innovator, led rather a few New Orleans Brass Bands. During this clip the Creoles and the inkinesss had no pick but to incorporate. Creoles hadn? T truly valued black music, and inkinesss knew that it wasn # 8217 ; T appreciated. Nevertheless that didn? t halt them from playing their Black Marias out. In fact that prompted them to play every bit loud as possible in order to overpower the Creoles. Buddy Bolden was one of the inkinesss that had the ability to make merely that. Along with his strong sound that he strived for, he improvised standard ragtime and blues pieces. Unfortunately he didn? Ts have every bit much control over his life that he had over his trombone. He became an alky, contracted syphilis so finally die in a mental establishment. I? m sorry to state that he died without cognizing his part to the development of what we now call wind. I made a witting determination to foreground the information in this book that I had neer read about in the yesteryear. On the contrary you should cognize that this book contains really elaborate information on the parts of black American music history that is popular in today # 8217 ; s society. It covers everything from slave vocals to Motown. Check it out! Bibliography Black music in America by James Haskins

Cross Cultural Cummunication Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cross Cultural Cummunication - Movie Review Example Hence, it would not be wrong to say that culture happens to be an integral aspect of the vantage point from which a person views, interprets and understands the world. An individual shapes one’s roles and relationships in a social setup in the light of the dominant cultural influences that one subscribes to. Even, in the current times when the world is getting diverse, it is astonishing to acknowledge that it is quiet impossible to separate a person from the culture in which one is born and brought up (Irvine 64). Therefore, culture is the lens through which an individual perceives the things and ideas. Yet, the thing is that the relationship between an individual and the culture one owes loyalty to happens to be quiet confusing. If on the one side the culture helps a person to adapt to the society in which one is born, on the other side it really makes it difficult to adapt to and adjust to the societies which have a different culture. Hence, in a way an individual happens to be both the beneficiary as well as the victim of culture. In the light of these facts the video under consideration does present many relevant and practical ideas regarding culture, how the varied cultures tend to differ from one another and as to what can people do to adjust to cultures that are different and foreign. The message conveyed by the video that in the current times when the varied cultures could not help being influenced by each other owing to the globalized trading of goods and services, influence of technologies like the internet and the ease of travel made possible by air travel, culture still continues to play a vital role in the human interactions, is indeed true and important. People do feel proud of the culture in which they are born and really appreciate if the individuals from other cultures do recognize their cultural peculiarities and traits (Allen 4). In the light of this fact the definition of culture given by this video that culture is, â€Å"A pattern o f learned and shared human behavior embodied in thought, speech and action transmitted to succeeding generations through the usage of tools, language and abstract thought† is indeed true and relevant. It is indeed an undeniable fact that the relationship between an individual and one’s culture happens to be complex in the sense that it is very ancient, unavoidable and to a large extent necessary to help a person adjust and adapt to the society in which one is born. One simply cannot deny one’s culture. The best option is always to accept and understand the culture in which one is born. This goes a long way in advancing a person’s understanding of other cultures as well. The further information conveyed by the video as to the associated important aspects of a culture that are values, attitudes and beliefs indeed goes a long way in enabling an individual understand as to what culture actually is and what does it practically involve. As per the video, values do represent the actual conscience of a particular culture and are an important guiding influence as to how the people in a culture think and behave. Attitudes affiliate to the emotional makeup of a particular culture and determine as to how people in a specific culture think about and react to particular people, places or things. Beliefs associate with the

Examine the view that media industries view audiences as commodities Essay

Examine the view that media industries view audiences as commodities. Discuss with reference to at least two theorists - Essay Example Notwithstanding the varied nature of broadcasting in each of these systems, the fundamental purposes remain more or less the same - advocating for social and business issues, including marketing, advertising, public relations, propaganda and political communication. When it comes to entertainment, mass media plays a key role in the production and distribution of music, acting and sports (Croteau and Hoynes, 2003; Pg 15). Another crucial function of mass media is to make public service announcements in region-specific manner. Our article is going to focus exclusively on the interrelation between media industries and audiences - whether media industries view audiences as mere commodities or not. To address the concern of the main question we need to look at the socio-cultural impact of media on its audiences. It can be said without an iota of doubt that media and culture in today's world play a leading role in sustaining and reproducing contemporary societies, regardless of geographic barriers. Any society needs to replicate itself to survive, and culture inculcates ethics and behavioral patterns that make people susceptible to abide by institutionalized ways of intellection and conduct. Now while any form of media should ideally strive to promote harmony and ethical standards among the mass, it's often been observed that the 'narratives of media culture' present blueprints of both acceptable and unacceptable behavior, candying important social and political issues and thereby, distorting them. The audience tends to relate themselves, often paradoxically, to what is being fed to them rather than what needs to fed more often (Durham and Kellner, 2006; pg 9). Gradually the so ciety runs the risk of getting detached with the root of indigenous culture and moral standards. This is especially applicable to media and entertainment where subaltern imageries are often promoted. The subaltern classes are largely disintegrated in any society, and they are prone to impressionism to a great extent. The economic development and production of a state also interferes with their ideologies. In addition to this, the subaltern classes generally give active or passive consent to the existent hegemony (Media Studies, 2008). Now the question we have raised here has direct connections to exertion of political authority over media. According to Antonio Gramsci, the Italian Marxist theorist, the Italian fascism wielded its stifling authority over the media and other social, cultural and political establishments (Durham and Kellner, 2006 Pg 3). When similar situations occur, media starts acting as the mouthpiece of the hegemony, and it begins exploiting the audience as commodi ties by producing and distributing provocative materials that lack depth. The role of television can be held as a relevant topic of discussion in this regard. Charlotte Brunsdon raises a valid question pertaining to the ideologies of television programs from a nonacademic perspective. She also makes a liberalist evaluation of television audiences in the United Kingdom since the 1970s. She argues that while already tried and tested art forms such as theater, music and literature have principled values tagged with them; television is something more 'real', or in other words, has potential to be a medium of airing productions that can be comprehended by the mass in general, and that have extensive

Political Corruption in Bulgaria after 1989 Essay

Political Corruption in Bulgaria after 1989 - Essay Example Though showing some improvement in the recent years, Bulgaria holds the shame of being labeled as the corruption capital of Europe. It is the corruption at the political level that is most dangerous in the country. All political parties operate with an open funding system. Such a condition, with no obvious management, surely encourages corruption. However, some facts and figures will show the 'politics' behind Bulgaria's corruption. In an attempt to modernize the nation's economy, the communist government enforced different industrialization programs. Until democratizing reforms began in 1989, Bulgaria remained a communist country. The Bulgarian nationalism underwent a drastic change since its first multi party elections in 1990 (U.S.-Bulgarian Relations, 2008). But the transition from the communist rule to a free market economy was not easy. The introduction of Banking reforms, and program to privatize state-owned assets turned out to be challenging issues. Due to the fall of communism, the country lost all its Soviet market. The Bulgarian goods could not find a good market. It led to a substantial contraction of the financial system. The rising inflation and unemployment became major problems. To add oil to the fire, the Bulgarian government had to battle with the uncontrolled corruption at all levels of administration. In the last two decades, Bulgaria underwent complet... In the last two decades, Bulgaria underwent complete political transformation. It is imperative to say that the political transformation has contributed much to the restructuring of the nation's entire mechanisms. On the other hand, how effective those reorganizations, is a question of active debate. However, it could enjoy steady economic growth and macroeconomic stability, problems are too many. It struggles hard to come up as a democratic power. Unfortunately corruption has become a key word in any study of Bulgaria. The National Assembly, which is supposed to monitor all anti corruption mechanisms, proved to be ineffective. Corruption is among the five most important problems Bulgaria is facing today. Five most critical problems Bulgaria is facing Unemployment 58,40 % Low incomes 51,30 % Crime 45,40 % Corruption 38,50 % Poverty 31,60 % High prices 22,90 % Political instability 17,70 % Healthcare 11,50 % Pollution 3,60 % Education 2,70 % Ethnic problems 2,10 % The sum of percentages exceeds 100, as respondents have given up to three answers (Source: Five most critical problems Bulgaria is facing, http://www.online.bg/coalition2000/eng/ci-feb99/2.htm) This social evil happened to spread widely in various fields of Bulgarian public life. Corruption has developed as a key principle in many fields like administration and judiciary. Political party finance, public administration and judiciary are the most affected areas. The Bulgarian community has begun to understand the magnitude of corruption of ministers and senior officials. Due to corrupt bureaucracy, any official procedure has become a 'hard nut' for the common man. He has to pay a huge amount to the police, health

Adolf Hitler and world war 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolf Hitler and world war 2 - Essay Example nticipated to coup the republican government in a â€Å"beer-hall putsch.† The Leading Bavarian officials, the discontented nationalists, surrounded at a meeting during a Munich beer hall held by Nazi militia or the storm troopers. The nationalists had loyalty to the revolution of Hitler. After regaining his freedom, they used the army (Reichswehr) in defeating the coup. That led to the fleeing of Hitler. Later, arrested and imprisoned for five year in Landsberg fortress where he served nine months (Rice 46). The putsch was significant to the growth of Hitler as it made him known throughout Germany. He dictated his ambitions to Rudolf Hess on the turgid struggle while still at the prison. His sentiments were full of worship of power, the anti-Sematic outpourings, and the strategy for the world domination and the disdain for the civil morality. It, therefore, became the bible for the National Socialism. In 1929, under the leadership of Hitler and Gregor Strasser, the party gained popularity during the economic depression, bringing in mass support (Rice 76). The Germans were tired of the reparations payments to the World War I victors. Threatened by the hyperinflation, possible Communist takeover, and political chaos, Hitler offered the solutions and the scapegoat. To the economic depression, he promised to despoil the â€Å"Jew financiers.† To the workers, he promised security. As a result, he received the financial support from the bankers and the industrialists with the anti-Communism and in promising to control the trade unionism (Rice 77). Therefore, Hitler had a sinister and a keen insight into issues to do with mass psychology. He was the master of maneuver and intrigue. After getting the citizenship of Germany through the Brunswick state, he ran for the presidency during the 1932 elections. He loses to the prevalent war protagonist Paul von Hindenburg. He received a major part of his votes from the protestant followers, approximately 18.3%

Marketing Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Management - Assignment Example The company also plans to raise the prices of the brand in the future to cater for the rising price of raw material used in the production of the beverage (New, 2011). The company in an effort increase the pricing is also cautious about the effect of the rise on the volume of their sales. There is a probability of reducing the volume of sales when compared to the previous years. The company also faces the problem of their customers switching to the competitors soft drink. In view of all this, the company carefully looks at the probable way of raising the price without affecting their volume of sales (New, 2011). The coca cola company employs the two channels of distribution the direct market channelling which involves dealing directly with the customer. This direct marketing channel can also have intermediaries who are the wholesalers and retailers. The other channel is the business distribution channels the organisation utilises its own sales group to sell to business customers. This does involve multilevel distribution. This is the most commonly used procedure by the coca-cola company (MKT300, 2008). The business distribution channels consist of manufactures representatives and industrial distributors as the intermediaries. The manufactures in the direct marketing ensure that consumers get the soft drinks in time. They sell to the consumer in bulk or retail amounts and at an affair price. The retailers also ensure that consumers get the goods they usually sell in small quantities and a higher price than the manufacturers. In the business, distribution channels the manufactures representatives do sell in bulk to the industrial distributors or the Industrial customer. The distribution channels ensure that the goods reach the customer on time and in the right manner (Coca-Cola Company, 2008). Company’s monitor their channel performance to be able to plan. The channel

How Markets Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Markets Functions - Essay Example The paper has examined how market functions depending on the structure it adopts. Scarcity is a state where wants exceeds available resources while an opportunity cost is the foregone alternative that is actually the cost of what is chosen. An allocative efficiency is a situation where resources are utilized without waste. Cost-benefit analysis is where resources are selected on basis benefit as weighed against costs. A resource is any asset that will satisfy human wants. An economic problem arises due to availability of insufficient resources to satisfy all unlimited human needs. The challenge then is how to establish products and to allocate the factors of production of land, labor capital and entrepreneurship to attain maximum production, when is to produce and for whom. This scarcity necessitates the need for consumers to make a choice to satisfy their demand due to their limited incomes. Different economic models place choice in various economic systems. The figure below offers a typical example of an opportunity cost. Assuming that a country produces only two goods, A and B, it has to make a choice in the allocation of resources to attain maximum production efficiency and to achieve maximum utility. ... Different economic models place choice in various economic systems. The figure below offers a typical example of an opportunity cost. Assuming that a country produces only two goods, A and B, it has to make a choice in the allocation of resources to attain maximum production efficiency and to achieve maximum utility. Fig 1 Production Possibility Frontier (ppf) Possibility Frontier (ppf) Capital Goods A M E A K 0 N B Consumer goods Consumer goods The curve AB can be attained if the resources employed in production are efficiently utilized with the existing state of technology. Suppose country X decides to produce only two goods: Capital goods and consumer goods as shown on the ppf AB. If it decides to produce (OA) units of A, it will have zero OB units of A. Thus OA goods are the opportunity cost of OB goods. Occasionally, country X will allocate resources to produce little of OA and OB to maximize utility as depicted at E. In real life situations, people will have to make choices bet ween two competing alternatives. For instance, students making choices on either continuing with studies or earning, consumers to choose good A at the expense of good B or vice versa. One alternative becomes an opportunity cost for the other. Various Economic Systems Economic systems are mechanisms through which an economy works. For instance, there is socialism in which policies regarding allocation, production and distribution are left in the hand of producers and government. Others are capitalism, communism and mixed economy which functions differently. Goals of Microeconomics Micro-economics analyzes market failure, describes theoretical conditions related to perfect conditions and how these anomalies can be corrected. The theory of demand and supply

Poverty a retrospect of beliefs with the wrong reality Essay Example for Free

Poverty a retrospect of beliefs with the wrong reality Essay As children we see life through a different set of eyes than others, and we accept the reality of our surroundings by how others judge us. We were the poor kids of the neighborhood and the others kids let us know that. My parents divorced when I was 5 and things were rough for my mother with 3 kids to raise on welfare. We thought we had it bad. Sometimes, we didn’t know where the next meal was coming from or who was going to help if things got worse; I remember we would stand in line to receive the food box for the month. Mom would put meals together and then she would leave for several weeks at a time, being on the road working for the Roller Derby. We never knew who our babysitters were going to be or if they were going to treat us with some sort of dignity and respect. Many times we took matters into our own hands and got rid of them and others just left, because we were not always the best behaved kids in the world, and we were always in some kind of trouble. The cops would bring us home at least 3 times a week for doing some crazy thing in the neighborhood, or stealing something from the local store to eat. After a while the cops and the store owners would just ask if we had something to eat or if there was something that we needed. Those were the days when people did come together and help others that were less fortunate, and we definitely needed the help. Our cousins lived in Firestone Park, a suburb of Los Angeles. They had some of the same obstacles to overcome except they did not have the community support that we received. My aunt was a single mother and did not receive food stamps. As I think back now on the difference between our lives, and the obstacles they faced compared to ours, we had it made. We faced challenges just as they did; I have been behind bars many times in my life. Both I and my older brother had interventions that changed our lives. My brother found out that the only way to change his life was to change his environment and look for other ways to support himself and his family than drugs. There were no food boxes available to my cousins and the cops were not as forgiving as they were in our neighborhood; the cops took my cousins to juvenile hall. There is one difference between my cousins and my family; they were half black and white. They were not looked at with the same sympathetic eyes as us and they told us about the way they were treated by the people of the city, and putting you all behind bars was the only way to solve the problem. From early on in their lives, they had to face the harsh reality that they were not treated the same as others even in their own community. Being called names by the other kids in the neighborhood, they had to fight everyday just to earn respect and they became the aggressors. They did things that we never thought of at our age, but that was the live they lived. My cousins went to juvenile hall very early on, and when they would get out, it did not take long for them to be locked up again. One of my cousins has spent over 3/4th of his life behind bars, and that is the only life he knows. We had spent a couple of days here and there in juvenile hall where they spent months throughout their teenage years. They did not have the same kind of caring community members as we did in our little part of the world; being a big city, crime was a way of life for kids there. There were not many options for the young people and joining a gang and the reality of death was just an everyday part of life. Drug abuse was prevalent and my cousins excelled in the life of crime. If it had not been for the YMCA in our community and the people that were placed into our lives, things for us could have been just as it was for my cousins. Both of my brothers have been in jail a time or two, except for my youngest brother who is spending the rest of his life in prison. He was sentenced to 25 to life, 25 to life and 18 years for crimes he was involved in 1994. I moved away from Stockton, California in 1996. My older brother moved away several years after I did and he now lives in Waldport, Oregon. He is a well respected part of the community. My journey began in 1995, after suffering a heart attack behind an overdose of Methamphetamine; I knew that I needed to change my life when I woke from the coma, and the charges that I was facing from running from the law for over 2 years. The judge whom I went in front of gave me my way out, but the road was not going to be easy. I had to complete a drug program, pay up all my fines and go to parenting classes. My kids had suffered long enough; they had to deal with all my addictions, the stealing, lying and cheating. It was going to be a battle, but I was willing to do what it was going to take to put my life back on the right track. The judge looked at me and told me â€Å"that if you do not complete this program and do all the requirements that I have set forth, that I would be facing 15 to 20 years straight time†. Thanks to the Veterans Administration and a Stockton Sheriff named Officer Garcia, the judge was going to give me a chance of a lifetime. All of the charges against me were to be dropped, and my records sealed and I would have a fresh start in life. The judge said it was against his better judgment to give me this opportunity, but I had a lot of people willing to give me a chance. He was looking forward to putting me behind bars. My cousins never had any kind of opportunities such as the one I was given and they were criminals and they would be punished to the full extent of the law. All of my cousins are in prison for life because of 3 strikes law. One of my cousins was not so lucky; He was shot and killed by the Los Angeles police that said he had pulled out a gun but none was ever found. They called it justifiable shooting, also known as guilt by association. I look back at the events of my life and realize that we were not poor by any means compared to other families in the Los Angeles area. The opportunities we had been given were not there for them and although we committed some of the same crimes, their punishment was more severe. I could never imagine being where I am today. I thank God for the people I have had in my life that gave me some different perspectives and hope that I could have more than I ever dreamed of. I look at how my cousins were raised and they way we were, and there are similarities, but we had it easy compared to them. Being of two different nationalities and dealing with the everyday stresses of the big city life must have been a burden that I am not sure if we would have survived. I must admit that life was not always rosy and wonderful, but we always had a roof over our heads and we might not have had the best meals but at least we had one. I am grateful to all the people I have had in my life that thought there was something to fight for and never let me give up hope. I pray for my cousins every day and give thanks to the lord for all that I have been given. Works Cited †. Howell, James, Decker, Scott H. â€Å"The Youth Gangs, Drugs, and Violence Connection Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January 1999. U. S. Department of Justice. Boyz N the Hood Singleton, John. 1991. Columbia Pictures

Rhizoremediation of Lead Using Alternanthera Versicolor

Rhizoremediation of Lead Using Alternanthera Versicolor Shalini S., Priyasha G., Sohini B. and Jabez Osborne W* Abstract: Anthropogenic development has been a major drawback due to the increased discharge of heavy metals into the environment containing the saturated and unsaturated zones of soil. Heavy metals are those which have density more than 5gram per cm cube. Lead causes major health hazards like Plumbism (lead poisoning) at higher concentrations. In the present study the ability of Alternenthera versicolor to phytoremediate toxic lead contamination was assessed at different concentrations of lead. To enhance the uptake capabilities of Alternenthera versicolor, bacterial organism capable of lead degradation was supplemented. The samples were uprooted at an interval of 10, 20 and 30 days. The uptake of lead was assessed by AAS, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was also checked. Further the effective strain were characterised by 16s rRNA sequencing. Keywords: Rhizoremediation, 16s rRNA, PGPR, AAS, Anthocyanin, Chlorophyll INTRODUCTION The most common heavy metals found in hazardous sites are Lead(Pb), Copper(Cu), Chromium(Cr),Nickel(Ni) and Zinc(Zn).Ionic and hydroxide forms are the general forms of these heavy metals found in soil, ground water and surface water (Gade,.2000). Heavy metal contamination is a major concern because they cannot be degraded (Lone et al,. 2008). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are heterogeneous group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere, and in association with roots. The plant-bacteria synergistic interaction in the rhizosphere is determinants of plant growth and fertility. These involve the ability to produce indole acetic acid which is an important growth regulatory hormone, to produce siderophores which enable the uptake of solubilised mineral phosphate from the soil, HCN production and Ammonia production. Morphological studies involve the root and shoot length. Hence depending upon the results obtained for each concentration, we can determine the maximum concentrat ion at which the bacteria can withstand lead contamination. Thus the present study involves the phytoremediation of lead supply by Alternenthera versicolor followed by the rhizoremedial clean up by the synergistic interaction between the effective rhizobacterial isolate and the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample Collection For the isolation of lead degrading bacteria, tannery sludge was collected from four locations in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. All the samples were collected using sterile polyethylene bags and were preserved immediately (McGrath et al,. 2001). Isolation of lead resistant bacteria from tannery sludge sample Lead resistant bacteria were isolated from tannery sludge using serial dilution technique and 10-4 dilutions onto MSM agar plates supplemented with 150 mg/L lead concentration. The obtained pure colonies were purified on MSM agar plates with 150mg/L lead. Screening Techniques The effective isolates obtained from the tannery sludge sample, were screened for its PGPR traits. Indole Acetic Acid Production For estimation of IAA production, the method described by (Gordon et al,  2000). was followed. The isolates were inoculated in Nutrient broth and were incubated in the shaker at 120 rpm for 24hours. 100  µl of inocula from overnight culture of NB was inoculated in MS Media that was supplemented with 5mM L-tryptophan and was incubated in shaker for 48hours. The cultures obtained were centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 10 minutes. 2ml of supernatant was taken and few drops of Salkowski’s reagent was added to it. Optical density was taken at 530 nm using spectrophotometer. (Hussain et. al,. 2013) Phosphate Solubilisation For the detection of phosphate solubilising capability of the effective isolate, Pikovskaya agar media was inoculated with effective isolate and zone of inhibition was observed after 4 days incubation at RT. (Hussain et. al.  2013) Growth Kinetics Study For growth kinetics study, seed culture of the effective isolate VITPSS1J was prepared in MSM. 2% inoculum of 0.5 OD culture was added in LB broth. O.D readings were taken at every 30 mins till stationary phase was achieved and a plot was plotted against O.D. and time interval. Preparation of pot cultures 64 pots were prepared each consisting of one control and three test pots (Cosio et al, .2004). 2 kgs of sieved garden soil was used to plant Alternanthera versicolor plantlets (20 cm in length) in each pot. Pots were placed in greenhouse for 10 days for the plantlets to get adapted. The pot culture sets were prepared according to two criteria: 1. According to various concentrations of lead being added and 2. According to the number of days of study (10, 20). After the adaptation was completed, various concentrations (25mg/L, 50mg/L, 75mg/L and 100 mg/L) of lead was added at regular interval. Fig 1: Pot cultures of Alternanthera versicolor prepared in 2 kg soil with varying lead concentration Treatment of effective strain in pots Seed culture of effective isolate VITPSS1J was prepared in Nutrient broth (incubated at RT for 24 hrs). The bacterial culture was further mass multiplied by inoculating 100ÃŽ ¼l of seed culture into 4 Erlenmeyer flasks, each containing 250ml NB. 10 ml of this mass multiplied culture was added to each pot and left for next 10 days (Hussain et al,. 2013). After 10 days, first set of plants were uprooted from the pots (10th day pots of all concentrations). Further studies were carried out on the uprooted plants in order to study the uptake of lead by these plants in association with bacteria in 10 days. Morphological characterization The root and shoot length of the uprooted plants was calculated. The length of root and shoot of the test plants were compared with that of the control plants. Comparison of the root-shoot length was also done among plants uprooted from various concentrations. The colour of the plants was also observed. Anthocyanin Estimation Anthocyanin is a pigment responsible for the red, purple, blue colour of several fruits and vegetables, cereals and grains. Anthocyanin can also be used as a pH indicator. Each plant was studied for the amount of anthocyanin present. The leaves of a plant were taken and ground with 70% ethanol and 7% acetic acid (in the ratio 3:2) in a mortar-pestle and transferred to Falcon tubes. Sterile water was added in all tubes including the controls. The tubes were kept in rotary shaker for 10 minutes and then centrifuged (15 mins, 4 ºC, 4500 rpm). The supernatant was removed and 400  µl of methanol was added in each tubes. The anthocyanin content was measured by taking the UV spectrophotometric reading at 530 nm and 657 nm. The same procedure was followed for all the 12 plants. Chlorophyll Estimation Each plant was also studied for determining the chlorophyll content. The leaves were cut into small pieces and mixed with 70% ethanol and ground using mortar-pestle. The mixture was then transferred to Falcon tubes and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 mins. Supernatant was used for spectrophotometer assay of chlorophyll at 665nm and 652 nm. RESULTS Isolation of lead resistant bacteria A total of three morphologically distinct colonies were observed in MSM agar plates supplemented with 150mg/l of lead and named VITPSS1J, VITPSS2J, VITPSS3J Fig 2: Mother culture plates of the isolated bacteria from tannery sludge B. PGPR analysis of isolates Indole Acetic Acid Production: The ability of obtained isolates for IAA production was assessed. Pink coloration was observed for isolate VITPSS3J. Hence VITPSS3J was used for further studies. Phosphate Solubilisation: For the detection of phosphate solubilisation, a clear zone of inhibition is considered as a positive conformation for solubilisation. As the isolates were not able to produce any clear zone observed in the Pikovskaya media plate, the isolates were considered negative for phosphate solubilisation. Growth Kinetics: Growth kinetics was performed for effective isolateVITPSS3J. Stationary phase was achieved at 270 min (Graph1) B. Morphological Characterisation: The leaves of Alternanthera versicolor are originally reddish purple in colour. But it was observed that after the supply of lead in the soil the colour of leaves turned green. Root and shoot length were measured for Alternanthera versicolor at regular interval of 10, 20 days to check the effect of toxic lead concentration of plant growth (Table1, Table2). Table 2: Root and shoot measurement after 10 days of observation Table 3: Root and Shoot measurement after 20 days of observation Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll concentration Anthocyanin is a pigment responsible for purple, blue colour of several fruits grains and flowers. Chlorophyll is a pigment which provides green colour to the plant. (Table 3, 4) Table 4: Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll estimation after 10 days of observation Table 5: Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll estimation after 20 days of observation Figure 1 Estimation of anthocyanin after 10 days of observation Figure 2 Estimation of chlorophyll b by using spectrophotometer (652nm) Figure 3Fig 5: Estimation of chlorophyll a using spectrophotometer (665 nm) after 10 days of observation Figure 4. Estimation of Anthocyanin after 20 days of observation Figure 5Fig 7: Estimation of chlorophyll b by using spectrophotometer (652 nm) after 10 days of observation Figure 6Fig 8: Estimation of chlorophyll a by using spectrophotometer (665 nm) after 20 days of observation Molecular characterization The obtained isolate was characterized molecularly by 16s rRNA sequencing (Sarita et al,. 2005). Effective bacterial strains were characterized using the universal primers 27F (5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’) and 1492R (GGTTACCTTGTTTTACGACTT-3†). DNA extracts from cell’s DNA and the 16s Rrna sequence was determined by fluorescent dye terminator method using the sequencing kit. Products were obtained and run on a sequencer. DISCUSSION The present study deals with rhizoremedial treatment of the plant Alternenthera versicolor using bacterial isolates of tannery sludge. The plant has been tested as a hyper accumulator of lead which is a toxic heavy metal. Many plants have been worked upon for phytoremedial and rhizoremedial studies using n Alternenthera versicolor different heavy metals such as isolation of potent PGPR isolate; tannery sludge was serially diluted and plated onto MSM agar plates. Carassco et al,.2005 also isolated lead degrading bacteria using Nutrient Agar Medium.  Alternenthera versicolor was tested for its ability to be proved as a potent hyperaccumulator of lead. Hyperaccumulators are plants that have the abilities to take up higher concentration of toxic contaminants or compounds. Some of the hyperaccumulators already proved are Agrostis castellana  (McCutcheon et al,.2003),  Brassica juncea  (E.lombi et al,. 2001),  Brassica napus  (McCutcheon et al,. 2003),  Helianthus annuuus   (Schmidt et al,.2003). The ability of VITPSS1J to act as a potent PGPR isolate was assessed. VITPSS1J was found to be positive for Indole Acetic Acid production (Hussain et al,.2013), but it showed negative result phosphate solubilizing agent, indicating it has effectiveness as a PGPR organism. Alternenthera versicolor was tested for its ability to phytoremediate toxic lead concentration at 25mg/L, 50mg/L, 75mg/L and 100mg/L concentrations of lead. Earlier reports have suggested the use of Brassica juncea as a potent hyper accumulator for lead. Thus shoot and root length was checked at regular interval and it was found be similar as compared to the control; suggesting the effectiveness of Alternenthera versicolor in remediating lead contamination.(Hussain et al,. 2013). Anthocyanin and chlorophyll estimation also suggest the similar result as anthocyanin and chlorophyll content of a plant are a major indicating factor for its toxic uptake studies. Higher level of anthocyanin and chl orophyll at day 10 and 20 suggest that toxic effect of lead has been neutralised by various mechanism taking place in the plant like phytostabalisation and phytovolatalisation (Irene Kuiper et al,.2003). Thus the present study proves that Alternenthera versicolor can be used as a hyperaccumulator of lead at concentration ranging from 25 to 100 mg/L. CONCLUSION Alternenthera versicolor has hence been proved as a potent hyperaccumulator of lead at concentration ranging from 25 to 100mg/L and VITPSS1J can be used to remediate lead contamination. Hence further study on the synergistic interaction between Alternenthera versicolor and VITPSS1J. V. REFERENCES 1. Arvind Gulati, Pratibha Vyas, Praveen Rahi, Ramesh Chand Kasana (2009) Plant Growth-Promoting and Rhizosphere-Competent Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae Strain BIHB 723 from the Cold Deserts of the Himalayas 58:371–377 2. Althaf Hussain Sk. and Srinivas P (2013) Evaluation of Plant Growth Promoting Traits by Pseudomonas and Azotobacter Isolated From Rhizotic Soils of Two Selected Agroforestry Tree Species of Godavari Belt Region, India 431-436 3. Solon A. Gordon, Robert P. Weber (1950) Colorimetric Estimation of Indole acetic acid 4. Shirin Heydari1, Parviz Rezvani Moghadam2, Seyyed Mehdi Arab3 Hydrogen Cyanide Production Ability by Pseudomonas Fluorescence Bacteria and their Inhibition Potential on Weed Germination 5. Brianne L. Clark, Dr. Ranjan Chakraborty, Chair Dr. Bert C. Lampson ,Dr. Lee M. Pike (2004) Characterization of a Catechol-Type Siderophore and the Detection of a Possible Outer Membrane Receptor Protein from Rhizobium leguminosarum strain IARI 312 6. E. Nicole Bridgersa, Mari S. Chinnb, Van-Den Troungc (2010) Extraction of anthocyanins from industrial purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes and enzymatic hydrolysis of residues for fermentable sugars 613-620 7. Simcha Lev-Yadun and Kevin S. Gould (2009) Role of Anthocyanins in Plant Defence 978-0-387-77 8. Irene Kuiper, Ellen L. Lagendijk, Guido V. Bloemberg, and Ben J. J. Lugtenber (2003) Rhizoremediation: A Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interaction1105-01 9. Sushma Bondre, Pallavi Patil, Amaraja Kulkarni, M. M. Pillai (2012) Study on isolation and purification of anthocyanins and its application as pH indicator698-702 10. Sabyasachi Chatterjee*, Anindita Mukherjee, Agniswar Sarkar, Pranab Roy (2012)Bioremediation of lead by lead-resistant microorganisms, isolated from industrial sample290-295 11. A. Rehman, S. Ashraf, J. I. Qazi, A. R. Shakoori (2005) Uptake of Lead by a Ciliate, Stylonychia mytilus, Isolated from Industrial Effluents: Potential Use in Bioremediation of Wastewater75:290–296

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Essay -- Discovery, Faustyn Edmun

Recently, in the Journal of Rheumatology in an interesting discussion concerning the application of ESR and CRP (C-reactive protein) appeared inaccurate information about the history of the discovery of ESR. Crowson, Rahman and Matteson in the article (1) and later in the discussion (2) suggested that the discovery of ESR occurred in the 20s of the last century. However, the discovery was not made in the 20s of the Twentieth Century, but at the end of the Nineteenth Century. For the sake of the highest standards of the discussion, in all its aspects, we would like to remind that the discoverer of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was a Polish physician Faustyn Edmund Biernacki (1866-1911) (3,4,5,6,7). He announced the discovery in 1897 in two articles simultaneously: one written in Polish in Gazeta Lekarska (4) and the second in German in the Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (5). It is also possible to identify, as an important historical fact, the exact day of Biernackiâ€℠¢s discovery. Shortly before the publication of works describing ESR, on the 22nd of June 1897 during a meeting of the Warsaw Medical Society Biernacki presented five most important conclusions from his observations (6,7). These conclusions were as follows: blood sedimentation rate and volume of residue produced is different in different individuals; blood with small amounts of blood cells sediments faster; blood sedimentation rate depends on the level of â€Å"fibrynogens† in the blood plasma; during the course of febrile diseases (rheumatic fever included) with large amounts of plasma fibrinogen the ESR is increased, and in the defibrinated blood the sedimentation process is slower. The findings presented by Biernacki clearly show the clinical significance of th... ...Medica Scandinavica and in the same year 1921. Biernacki on the other hand presented his discovery in German and Polish more than twenty years before. Therefore, is it possible that in the scientists noted only the reports of the discovery presented in English and in one magazine? Or is it just an oversight resulting from an insufficient scientific knowledge about (or of?) historical facts? In order to maintain the highest standards of scientific reliability the â€Å"ESR test† should be named by specifying the method used e.g. Westergren’s ESR test method. The ESR test was discovered by Biernacki, and Westergren’s achievement was the development of a new laboratory technique. We postulate that in the scientific reports in which there is a historical aspect of the introduction of the ESR test (even if only as a reference), Biernacki’s discovery was not overlooked.

Aztecs 5 :: essays research papers

Analysis of an Aztec Encounter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Spaniard and Aztec civilizations were two completely different worlds whose fated encounter caused some surprising reactions from both parties. Neither of these nations knew exactly what to expect or how to react to each other’s behaviors. Differences in religion, customs and weaponry became the deciding factors of who would be the dominant aggressor in these encounters. Even though both parties were unsure of what to expect, the Spaniards had already set a goal for themselves before they set foot in Mexico. They wanted to conquer the other nation and exploit them for anything of value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The climax of the Aztec Empire and the conquistadors occurred when Motecuhzoma and Cortes met face to face for the first time. The Spaniards as well as the Aztecs had no clue what to expect. Motecuhzoma told Cortes, “Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but now you have arrived on earth… to sit on your throne, under its canopy.'; This was due to the fact that the Aztec religion told of a god, Quetzalcoatl, who would come from the heavens and take his place as ruler of the Aztec Empire. Thus Motecuhzoma showered the Spaniards with many fine gifts. Unlike the Spaniards believed, these fine gifts were not really a sign of Aztec submission but rather as a sign of wealth and power. In order to give proper respect to their so-called god, the Aztecs had to show that they were a worthy and powerful nation. The Spaniards took this as a weakness. They thought the Aztecs feared them, which boosted up their confidence level even though they were gre atly outnumbered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Spaniards had to communicate with the Aztecs by using La Malinche as an interpreter. She basically made the Aztecs believe that Cortes was a good man and would be cause them no harm. They also had other indigenous people who were allied with the Spanish. The Aztecs must have viewed this as a sign that these strangers would be peaceful since they had others of their kind on the Spaniard’s side. La Malinche translated all that Motecuhzoma had said to Cortes. On page sixty-four of The Broken Spears it says, “Cortes replied in his strange and savage tongue…'; In other passages in the book it depicts the Spaniards as wild and uncivilized. This brings up another point that just as the Spaniards thought of the Aztecs as being barbaric, some Aztecs felt the same way about the Spaniards.

Illegal Downloading is Stealing :: essays research papers

Illegal Downloading â€Å"is† Stealing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the popularity of the Internet, sales for CDs, DVDs, Movies, and many other products have increased. Along with the increase of sales has brought forth an ever increasing problem of illegal media being downloaded. Programs such as Bittorent, Kazaa, and other direct-connect networking programs have allowed the transferring of such illegal media. Downloading song files from the Internet over a free peer to peer network is the moral equivalent of shoplifting music CDs from the local mall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you download any illegal media you are getting something for free that everyone else is required to pay a fee for. DVDs and CDs that cost others anywhere from 15 dollars to 60 dollars or more are being distributed for free as long as you have a download client. If you have programs such as Bittorent or Kazaa, you only have to find someone that already has the media on their computer, in which they either paid for the copies or they too downloaded the media illegally from someone else. On most of the â€Å"real† media (the cases), it states that you are not to distribute or copy the material because it is an illegal act, and you will be punished if caught.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only is downloading this media illegal, it is also morally wrong. It is our responsibility to know the difference between right and wrong - downloading this media is something that shouldn’t be done. The artists that create the CDs pay a lot of money to make the CDs for our pleasure, and in return they expect everyone to pay for their CDs (its how they make their money). In this respect, downloading illegal music through peer to peer networks is the equivalent to stealing a CD from an actual store.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By downloading any type of media for free that is normally paid for through a store, unless so stated, you are breaking the law. There have been many laws written that forbid the downloading of any copyrighted materials such as music CDs, Movies, and computer programs. If you are caught downloading any of these types of media, or found to have any on your computer, you can and will be fined or even jailed. The same consequences would be applied if you were caught stealing from a store. As suggests, there is no difference if you steal from a store, or steal it through your computer.

Unmistakably Racist

Miami is a state of America and so thus Michigan. These two states are both progressive like any other states in America. But when one tackles about the racism that is happening in those two states, there are some things that are surprisingly odd.After reading the article written by William Booth entitled â€Å"A White Migration North from Miami,† I easily got the gist of the article which says â€Å"There is a racism that is happening in Miami.† And from that very point of the fact that racism is present there, Michigan is no doubt a good comparison with that of Miami.On my own understanding of racism, I define it as a discrimination of a superior race over the inferior ones. In the article of Booth, he cited many instances wherein the Americans feel that they are being discriminated because of the fact that their population is clearly a minority in the state.It seems that wherever they go, even in malls, food chains or government institutions, the people are Spanish s peakers. They really feel that the place is not theirs anymore because of the massive invasion of the Spanish speaking people. To make the racism clear enough, I want to conclude from what Booth says in the article, that whoever holds the most population, they are the ones who are more likely rule the place just like what happened in Miami.It is true that there is a reverse racism in Miami. Americans usually think that they are the superior race. But in the case of Miami, Spanish speaking people become the superior class because of their increasing numbers. In Michigan, Americans still reign the seat of superior class.Tracing back the history, the White Americans were discriminating the Black Americans. One good example of it was the way the students were treated. According to Zbrozek of The Daily Michigan, blacks, unlike the whites, were not allowed to attend dance classes and to use swimming pools.He also said that blacks were also not enjoying the rights of white students to join political activities in school. The discrimination of whites towards the blacks is very evident.Nowadays, there was still some racism that is happening in Michigan but not that bad like before just like what   Monique Luse said because as what Isaac Curtis in the article written by Jeff Barr that a good man is no doubt a good man no matter what his color and race. And Black Americans have already proven their worth in the society.I think my point is now clear enough. Booth is right. The majority wins over the minority and in this case, it is not an exemption. Are you the one who is discriminating someone or the one who is being discriminated? If you are the racist one, have you ever wondered if discriminating people are good habit to do?What if you go to a place where you and your class are being discriminated because of the apparent fact that you are a minority group of people in that particular place? Do you think you will feel good? Come to think of it as early as now. You wil l never know what will be the twist of fate do unto you.Works CitedBooth, William. A White Migration North from Miami. The World is a Text.Sliverman , Jonathan. Rader, Dean. 9 November 1998. Washington Post Staff Writer.  Ã‚   28   June 2008.< http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf-whiteflight.html>Zbrozek, Chris. Confronting the racism in Michigan’s history. The Michigan Daily.11 April  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007.Barr, Jeff.   Society taught lessons of racism. Michigan News. 14 February 2008. Luse, Monique. Telephone Interview. 2 January 2002.   

Inequality in Education Essay

Inequality is an unequal rewards or opportunities for different individuals within a group or groups within a society. Education is recognised as major social institution. However, inequality in education is linked to major problems in society. In education a key factor that influences a child’s performance at school is social class. By going through Marxist and Functionalist perspectives, explanations for such inequalities can be understood. Difference in social background results in differences in achievement within an academic field. The level of achievement of the middle class is hugely different from that of the working class. Students success depends on parents income and parental choice. In other words the higher the social class of the parents, the more successful a child is likely to become in education. Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to have low academic status than the students from higher socio-economic backgrounds. The education system remains socially selective, the higher the social class of the parents, the better the education of the children. Educational inequality starts young for children of disadvantaged class and they struggle to keep up throughout their school years. Children of lower socio-economic background at age 3 are one year behind the national average. By the time they are 14, they are two years behind. We can see this figure is staggering and extremely worrying. As a result, these children are less likely to go into higher education and more likely to be categorised into a lower academic ability. The functionalist perspective on education is concerned with the functions or role of education for society as a whole. It focuses on its contribution in maintaining social stability through development of social harmony. It believe in building bridges between values and passing culture and norms through education. Functionalist views education as the basic needs for a  society in order to survive. Particularly, functionalist sees education providing a trained and qualified labour force and its effective role selection and allocation in a meritocratic society. The Marxist perspective on education highlights the way education system reproduces existing social class inequalities and how it is carried out to the next generations. Marxist argues that the values passed on by school are those of ruling class. In contrary to functionalism Marxist does not believe education system is neutral filter and grade according to meritocracy. Instead it believes social class and other factors influence success and failure in education. Marxist approach argues that there is no equality of opportunity in education, education rather covers the fact that the social class influences educational success and there is inequality Inequality in education can put individuals of the groups that are affected by these at a disadvantage in the future. Inequality in education gap will remain because even though we are aware of it we have learnt to tolerate it.The education system reproduces existing social class inequalities, and passes them from one generation to the next. Thus we can see that children from low socio economic class lack the aspiration to excel academically. This is not because of the fault of their own but they were born into lower socio-economic class. Bibliography Maureen T. Hallinan (2006)Handbook of Sociology https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9780387364247# http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/jan/27/education-inequality-in-england-where-is-the-gap-widening-demos K. Browne, (2006) Introducing sociology for AS Level, 2nd Edition, Cambridge, Polity Press G. Marshall, (1994) Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, 2nd edition, Oxford,

Carrer Path Nursing

The health field is my career of choice. Becoming a registered nurse is my ultimate goal. The nursing field is the best fit for me. I take pride in helping others whenever possible. There are many kinds of different field in the health industry that will fit me best. There are many different aspects as to why I want to become a registered nurse. The salary, responsibilities, skills and lifelong learning opportunities are what draw me to the health field. Becoming a registered nurse is one of my main goals during my time at Bryant & Stratton.When I finish school becoming a nurse means that I am responsible for health and sake of others. People will depend on me to provide the best service possible for them and the ones they love. On average in the state of Ohio a registered nurse in 2010 makes 44,000 to 78, 000 dollars a year (â€Å"Career One Stop,† n. d. , para. 2). The responsibilities that come with the job are endless. I will be keeping track of a patient’s health, drug dosage, growth of sickness and lending a helping hand to a doctor when needed. The skill I will need and obtain on the job will allow me to excel throughout the rest of my life.According to Career One Stop here are a few skill and abilities I will need and gain from the field: â€Å"Skills: Active Listening – Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking – Talking to others to convey information effectively. Critical Thinking – Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.Judgment and Decision Making – Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Service Orientation – Actively looking for ways to help people. Social Perceptiveness – Being aware of others ' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Abilities: Problem Sensitivity – The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Oral Comprehension – The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.Inductive Reasoning – The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Oral Expression – The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Arm-Hand Steadiness – The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Information Ordering – The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e. g. patterns of numbers, let ters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Speech Recognition to identify and understand the speech of another person. †(CareerOneStop,† n. d. , para. 5). – The ability In this field there will always be room for improvement. I will each and every day retain new information and grow as an individual to provide great service. A registered nurse is the main focus of my schooling as of right now. A registered nurse is my main goal but anesthesiologist is also a field I am interested in. Any job in the medical field is needed all over the world.There is a high demand for people to work in the health care field. An anesthesiologist would be my second career goal. The salary according to career one stop in the state of Ohio from 2010 is between 129,000 to 127,000 dollars a year. (â€Å"Career One Stop,† n. d. , para. 2) Anesthesiologists are responsible for putting people under for surgeries. They check people’s blood types and determine the right am ount of fluid to give to make a person sleep during a surgery. This job is very important not only to the patient but also to the surgeon so they can successfully perform a surgery.Here are a few skills and abilities that are needed for this field: â€Å"Skills: Active Listening – Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Critical Thinking – Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Monitoring – Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.Reading Comprehension – Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Judgment and Decision Making – Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Science – Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Speaking – Talking to others to convey information effectively. Abilities: Problem Sensitivity – The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.Oral Comprehension – The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Deductive Reasoning – The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Inductive Reasoning – The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Near Vision – The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). †(â€Å"CareerOneStop,†n. d. , para. 3) Like a registered nurse there is always room to lear n new abilities and skills for the job.There will always be lifelong learning opportunities. Anesthesiologist draws me in because of the salary but a veterinarian would be the next field of interest. A veterinarian is a health care profession that deals with the health and well being of animals. You still need the same judgment in this field. You are responsible for the health of animals. They cannot speak for themselves for you have to be the voice for them. According to Career One Stop on average in the state of Ohio in 2010 a veterinarian makes between 53,000 to 120,000 dollars a year. (â€Å"CareerOneStop,† n. d, para. ) Animals are becoming more and more like children to people and their health is very important to people. Skills and abilities are endless in this field. Here are a few skills and abilities needed for this field: Skills: Science – Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Active Listening – Giving full attention to what other peop le are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Critical Thinking – Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.Speaking – Talking to others to convey information effectively. Judgment and Decision Making – Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Reading Comprehension – Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Abilities: Inductive Reasoning – The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Oral Comprehension – The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.Oral Expression – The ability to communicate infor mation and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity – The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Deductive Reasoning – The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. (â€Å"CareerOneStop,†n. d. ,para 4) Learning opportunities are endless in this field. New disease and sicknesses are being developed daily and there is always room for improvement. Becoming a veterinarian is the last field that interests me.After reviewing all of my interested career paths I have concluded that a registered nurse is my goal. Becoming a registered nurse will take a lot of hard work and dedication but it is the main career goal. I am pursing this field because of the salary, responsibilities and skills that come with the job. Helping others will give me a sense of worth. Though anesthesiologist and a veterinarian do interest me I will continue in the path I am headed in. According to Mayo school of Health Sciences, â€Å"Nurses work to promote health, prevent disease and help patients cope with illness.They are advocates and health educators for patients, families and communities†. (Mayo Clinic, n. d. , para. 1) I am a nurturing person and a nurse will allow me to display these skills. References Occupation Profile – America's Career InfoNet. (n. d. ). Welcome to America's Career InfoNet. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www. careerinfonet. org/occ_rep. asp? next=occ_rep;Level=;optstatus=111111111;jobfam=29;id=1;nodeid=2;soccode=291141;stfips=39;x=0;y=0 Registered Nurse Career Overview. (n. d. ). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www. mayo. edu/mshs/rn-career. html

Can One Be Non-Religious but Still Believe in God

Can one be non-religious but still believe in God? â€Å"My grandfather believed that the greatest religion of all was to ensure that we wipe the tears from every eye and bring hope and decency to every life. If performed with utmost humility, he said, this service would grant us the magnanimity to recognize and accept the many ways we are called to see God in humanity. † –Sankara Saranam (Saranam, 2005) One can still believe in God without associating with religion.This is possible when people believe in searching for God through themselves, by choosing to distance themselves from religion because they do not want to be bound by religious ideals, and by staying away from religion due to one’s belief that the name of religion is misused in today’s time with the name of God. People often believe in God by searching for the divine power through their inner selves. God exists within every human heart in the form of the love, compassion, understanding, and oth er positive traits that the human kind is capable of, yet they choose to suppress (Saranam, 2005).Often, one does not realize that regardless of what religion one follows, God is inside each human heart through all the positive qualities and emotions that one possesses. All the emotions that one feels are God given, therefore the search to connect with him can be done through one’s reflection of their life and the choices they have made. God is everywhere, so in order to connect with Him; one can choose to worship his power and existence without involving any religious aspect to their relationship.One may choose to distance themselves from religion because they believe that indulging in it will restrict them from living their life on their own terms. Some people may choose to believe that what religious holy books teach, may tie them down to follow it faithfully. Moreover, if one decides to marry someone out of their religion, they may be accused of not being loyal enough to it. For example, Islam teaches that marrying outside of the religion is permitted only when the social and cultural values of Islam become the dominant values of the society, in which the man and the woman are living in.Therefore, if a Muslim man were to marry a Hindu girl, the girl would have to give up her religion and devote herself to her spouse’s religion. People would rather choose to believe that God accepts the union of every man and woman regardless of their race or color, because love is above all. Some people do not agree with these societal boundaries that are created by the difference of religion and that is why they choose to distance themselves from it. Some people may believe that religion is being misused in today’s time using the name of God.People who are currently having a bad phase in their life may be lured into false promises by priests of their religion that they can solve all their problems in their life and regain happiness if they conduct rel igious prayer ceremonies to â€Å"appease† the Lord. Furthermore, it can be believed that people often fear God and because of this, they believe that priests and vicars are living the right kind of life that is free of sin, a one that God would want them to.So, they become misguided and donate to these priests in hopes that that will be included as a genuine good deed and that God will be happy with them. As L. Ron Hubbard had once said, â€Å"If you want to make a little money, write a book. If you want to make a lot of money, create a religion† (Hubbard, 2012). Religion is supposed to be sacred and considered a logical explanation of how God and the world came to be, although it has been made a mockery of in today’s society.Every year, people donate hundreds of dollars to religious institutions, unaware of where their hard earned money is really going. Therefore, some people choose to not involve themselves with these religious gimmicks and choose to practice their own religion, which is their personal relationship with God. Religion is not the only pathway that leads to the divine mystery we label as God, the Creator of Everything. Due to all the hatred, ignorance, and enmity that religion has caused amongst humans, some people believe to label their religion as just humanity.This religion does not have boundaries and restrictions, instead, it teaches everyone to love and respect one another. One can still believe in God without any involvement of religion. This is possible when people believe in searching for God through themselves, keeping away from religion because they do not want to be tied down by religious ideals, and by refraining from practicing religion due to one’s belief that the name of religion is misused in today’s time using God.

Sum up four readings about Social Protest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sum up four readings about Social Protest - Essay Example According to studies conducted by Adler and Mittleman (2004, p. 110), globalization protests are mainly about understanding s of the shifts in the world’s political economy. The protesters’ expressions are not necessarily same as the views of the ideological leaders. From these protests, the streets bear more fluid and latent attitudes in the baseline. Globalization protests present difficulties in generalizing when centring on a particularly specific event. In most organizations, interviewees have differentiated attitudes towards globalization protests. Participants in protests may be activists, officers, or ordinary members. Most participants in protests, influenced by the information gathered from the internet. The degree of participants ‘involvement in a protest is of more significance in the globalization protests. Moreover, pushing participants to make choices between the can obscure the important interconnections concerning protests. According to studies conducted by Adler and Mittleman (2004, p. 110), one of the attitudes of protesters is that the protesters are diverse according to their involvement in the global justice demonstration previously. Lack of ability of a protest movement in excluding violent participants, continues to minimize its effectiveness centrally to the states’ growing willingness to employ the respective tactics indiscriminately. In relevance to   Brooks (2004, p. 570), stated that, some of the goals of anti-globalization protesters are delaying talks concluding meetings without an agreement of building new rounds of the trade negotiations. The anti-globalization movement does not exclude the potentially violent factions and this may impede its ability in democratizing institutions of globalization via the tactic of the protest alone. Brooks (2004, p. 577) further noted that, the movement also employs democratic master frame and operates is more decentralized

Century of women in Britain and United State Essay

Century of women in Britain and United State - Essay Example During this century, the life styles of women have changed vastly. The activities of women have brought an important role in transformation of women. Many workingwomen have reached pinnacles in their selective fields. They have become champions in the fields of educational institutions, science and technology. Now the women are more economically stronger and independent than a century ago. The women are not involved in union activities. Now the women in UK & USA can exercise their franchise not like in olden days. Now the women are well educated and participated in national politics. The women were first employed in jobs during the currency of First World War. After the First World War, the services rendered by the woman were forgotten, as they did not enter into domestic service. The start of industries gave some opportunities to women to get good jobs with good returns. The involvement of women in second world war and the role played by them brought changes in awareness and consciousness within the women and the in the society too. The politicians thought of safeguarding the interests of women at their respective work place. The women desired to stick to their jobs by showing their individuality but some women wanted to come back to their domestic service. The work force of woman has largely increased in the year 1940 when compared to the work force of women in the year1939. After Second World War the need of edu cation in higher education and technology has been increased for women after 1960, the entire world wanted to bring a change in inequality irrespective of their class, race and religion.The history of the women is the product of time of century old women. It is the growth of the women for the last 25 years, which focused on their memories, testimonies and pointing out women's experience. After events of revolution in 1968, the socialist feminism is possible once again the world, liberation of women in capitalism. At the end of 1960, the emergence of feminist framework and civil rights movement could be seen. In 1980s Thatcher and Reagan have elaborated the same. In both the countries of USA and Britain have contrasts of class, race, ethnicity, along with region, age and disability. The books did not carry a definite socialist analysis of the history of women in 20th centuries. The working class woman has not transformed the liberation of women forward. In 20th century, the women hav e achieved, in many nations, the right to vote, increased their changes in educational and job opportunities. Women used to feel wifehood and motherhood were most important events in their career. History shows that women is creative source of human life, women are always treated as inferior to men, since olden days. The attitude towards women was favorable in the east. In USA, the women were felt weaker than men as they couldn't do hard work which requires muscle power. In women, the Americans found lack of intellectual development. The women were allowed to attend domestic works such as caring of children, cooking cleaning of house and washing clothes. It was felt that women's main role in the society was to give birth to children. In the present scenario, because of major publicity to follow contraceptive methods control over number children besides

Creating a Policy Map Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating a Policy Map - Assignment Example The online tourism resources of Hadassa are being transformed and managed by the Internet California Resources. The business will focus primarily on the tourists in California and some other states in the U.S. Hadassa Tourism Website Company will be providing website development services to the vast tourism niches in California. Much as the company is still in the operational stages, the founders who are Martin, Janice and Rene have vast experience that is required to deal with the competencies in this industry. The company will have more than the required capital investment with an overflow of $310,000.The Company is dream is to provide clients with solutions to their tourism needs (Kaplan, 2012). However, the company will depend on a number of external vendors to advice and supply web hosting and implementation of the websites. The company would provide all the other services. The company will provide a turn-key solution to its clients. However, we will rely on multiple outside vendors to supply website implementation and hosting. The company will provide all other aspects of the service. The Californian Internet Resource Company will make uniform the language and technology required for the clients in the tourist destinations, so that all barriers and bottlenecks are removed. This would be done so as to reach out to most of the English-speaking tourists in various destinations around the world. Hadassa Tourism Website Company will provide a flexible, fun-filled and conducive environment that would explore numerous opportunities so as to provide state of the art exotic travel for the employees and also offer incentives and bonuses for all personnel (Kaplan, 2012). The project manager oversees the affairs of the organization and implements major policies in the organization. He also manages the resources of the organization. The project sponsor helps in sourcing of funds to manage various projects (Kaplan, 2012). The steering committee is

Segment 4,5,and 6 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Segment 4,5,and 6 - Term Paper Example lberger recounts that the migrant passengers were â€Å"packed densely, like herrings† into the ships awaited them in harbors of Rotterdam and Amsterdam. Each person received no more than 2-ft. wide bedstead, as a typical ship carried over 400 to 600 passengers. The miseries of the passengers usually began in the Dutch waters already, as the ships were compelled to pass through 8-14-day long customs examination at British ports, as they arrived there. However, the real hardship was to begin during the voyage across the Atlantic, as the vessels carrying migrants took 8 to 12 weeks until they reached Philadelphia. During such trips, gales and epidemics often struck the passengers, leading to rather high mortality levels and general discontent. In particular, infants and 1 to 7 year-old children were rarely to survive such trip. The most degrading part of the voyage, nevertheless, was to begin in the harbor of Philadelphia, as the destitute passengers were effectively sold to those who could pay for their new servants’ passage money. Usually adult persons were to serve for 3 to 6 years for the benefit of their purchasers, while the adolescents could be purchased to serve until they would be 21 year old. During such sale procedures, whole families were frequently torn apart. Segment 5. William Pitt’s Speech on the Stamp Act, 14 January 1766. This speech by William Pitt, Sr., who was at that time a leader of the Opposition, was to play one of the decisive roles in the repeal of the Stamp Act and the temporary softening of the British position with respect to the Colonies. Pitt pointed out that even â€Å"under former arbitrary reigns† it had been assumed that taxation entails the right of representation in the Parliament, and vice versa. He cited the example of Wales to show that the Colonists were right to demand the same attitude towards themselves. Pitt warned that the attempts of â€Å"the late administration† to â€Å"rob† the Colonies would be a dangerous